Housing is a foundational determinant of health. Beyond mere shelter, housing conditions profoundly impact health outcomes, with substandard living environments contributing to a myriad of health risks. For example, exposure to mold, damp, and indoor pollutants to inadequate heating, overcrowding, and insecure tenure, and the quality and stability of housing significantly influence physical and mental health.

Research consistently demonstrates the profound impact of housing on health outcomes, highlighting the disproportionate burden borne by deprived and low-income communities. Addressing housing-related health inequalities requires a multifaceted approach that encompasses not only improving housing quality, security and affordability, and improving the neighborhoods where individuals and families live.